Do you know that about 80 per cent of the world’s population, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), relies on traditional medicine, including herbal remedies, for primary healthcare, particularly in developing regions?
Reports indicate that countries such as Ghana have integrated certified medical herbalists into official health facilities, while in Nigeria, several studies reveal that a large number of families depend on herbal medicine for the treatment of various ailments.
This reality brings to the fore the significance of the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025–2034, which seeks to promote and strengthen the safe, effective and evidence-based integration of traditional medical practices into modern healthcare systems worldwide.
For decades, debate has persisted over the efficacy of herbal medicine in treating diseases. While some critics question its effectiveness, others argue that the absence of standardised dosage in many herbal preparations heightens fear and uncertainty among potential users.
Conversely, another school of thought maintains that herbal medicine is effective, citing ancestral practices where forefathers relied heavily on locally prepared plant remedies and reportedly recovered from illnesses.
Indeed, it raises an important question: does it not make sense to use herbs and leaves derived from plants, considering that humans already consume many plants and plant products for nourishment and health?
What, Then, Is Herbal Medicine?
Herbal medicine involves the use of plants or plant parts such as leaves, roots, flowers and seeds for health promotion, wellness and the treatment of illness. It forms the foundation of traditional medicine systems across cultures. However, scientific evidence supporting many herbal remedies varies considerably, necessitating caution, especially as some herbs can interact with prescription medicines.
While herbal medicine may offer potential health benefits, it is essential to understand its risks, scientific limitations and possible interactions. Seeking professional medical advice remains crucial to ensuring safe and effective healthcare.
It is also important to recognise that plants contain potent chemical compounds. As such, herbal remedies are not always harmless when used to treat ailments.
Furthermore, herbal products may interfere with prescription drugs, including blood thinners, contraceptives and anaesthetic agents. Issues of quality, purity and dosage also remain largely unstandardised in many herbal preparations.
In the event of any unusual reaction, consulting a medical professional is strongly advised. Patients should inform their doctors about any herbs they have taken, particularly before surgery or when starting new medications.
Herbal medicines are commonly available in forms such as teas, capsules, powders and extracts. Although they contain bioactive compounds used globally, they are often subject to less rigorous regulation than pharmaceutical drugs, making medical consultation vital before use.
Herbal medicine is employed for a wide range of health purposes and often serves as a complementary or alternative approach to conventional treatment.
Among its commonly cited uses are the management of chronic disease symptoms by supporting immune function, regulating metabolism and reducing inflammation. Other reported benefits include boosting immunity, increasing energy levels, improving mood and sleep quality, and aiding weight management.
Certain herbs are traditionally associated with specific conditions, such as ginger for nausea, St John’s wort for mild depression, and garlic for cardiovascular health, among others.
There is no denying that herbal medicine is deeply rooted in the social and cultural fabric of sub-Saharan Africa. Advocates argue that it has provided hope and healing for families in the past and continues to play a role in managing certain ailments today, including persistent conditions.
However, amid recurring reports of kidney failure, cancer complications and other health challenges linked to improper use, an important question arises: should families continue to rely solely on herbal medicine?
It is on this basis that anyone considering herbal treatment is strongly encouraged to consult a qualified health professional to ensure safety, proper diagnosis and appropriate care.
